Weather history in Canada: stations, records and trends

This section brings together the long climate records of 240 weather stations in Canada, with observations going back to 1841 and running up to 2020. Each station has its own page: temperature and rainfall for every year, a comparison of two thirty-year reference periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020), dated records, the trend and the last twenty-four months. The stations are listed below by 13 administrative areas. Across all stations, the warmest year is 1998, at +1.8 °C against the 1961–1990 average (221 stations reported that year). The median trend of annual temperature reaches +0.25 °C per decade since 1961.

National highlights

• Warmest year: 1998, at +1.8 °C against the 1961–1990 average, averaged over the 221 stations that cover it (out of 240).
• Coldest year: 1950, at −1.3 °C on average over 177 stations (out of 240).
• Oldest station: Toronto, whose records begin in 1841, that is 180 years of measurements.
• Median trend: +0.25 °C per decade; 238 stations out of 240 are warming.
• Daily heat record: 47.0 °C at Oliver Stp, on 29 June 2021.

Departure from the 1961–1990 average, all stations

The thin line shows each year's mean departure, from 1918 to 2020; the thick line is the ten-year running mean. Every station is compared with its own 1961–1990 average and the departures are then averaged, so station altitude and latitude do not distort the comparison.

Stations by area

The 240 stations are grouped by the area of their nearest town. The name leads to the station page; the period covered and the altitude are shown beside it.

Ontario

• Beatrice 1878–2020, 297 m
• Belleville 1921–2020, 76 m
• Brockville 1916–2020, 120 m
• Burlington 1948–2020, 77 m
• Chatham 1890–2015, 180 m
• Collingwood 1892–2020, 180 m
• Cornwall 1951–2020, 64 m
• Delhi 1935–2020, 232 m
• Dryden 1914–2020, 413 m
• Earlton 1939–2020, 243 m
• Fergus Shand Dam 1940–2020, 418 m
• Fort Frances 1917–2020, 342 m
• Geraldton 1968–2020, 348 m
• Goderich 1913–2020, 214 m
• Gore Bay 1917–2020, 189 m
• Guelph 1882–2020, 325 m
• Haliburton 1889–2019, 330 m
• Hamilton 1866–2020, 238 m
• Harrow 1918–2020, 191 m
• Kapuskasing 1918–2020, 218 m
• Kenora 1900–2020, 413 m
• Kingston 1873–2020, 93 m
• Kirkland 1954–2020, 324 m
• Kitchener 1915–2020, 328 m
• Leamington 1917–2020, 200 m
• London 1884–2020, 278 m
• Madawaska 1916–2020, 397 m
• Mount Forest 1916–2020, 415 m
• Muskoka 1953–2020, 282 m
• New Glasgow 1958–2020, 198 m
• North Bay 1925–2020, 370 m
• Orillia 1894–2020, 285 m
• Orono 1924–2019, 84 m
• Ottawa 1890–2020, 79 m
• Parry Sound 1876–2020, 176 m
• Pembroke Climate 1866–2020, 161 m
• Peterborough 1867–2020, 191 m
• Red Lake 1965–2015, 386 m
• Sarnia 1968–2020, 181 m
• Sault Ste Marie 1946–2020, 192 m
• Sioux Lookout 1915–2020, 383 m
• Southampton 1874–2017, 200 m
• St Catharines 1915–2020, 79 m
• St Thomas 1926–2020, 209 m
• Stratford 1865–2015, 345 m
• Sudbury 1948–2020, 348 m
• Thunder Bay 1878–2020, 199 m
• Timmins 1923–2020, 294 m
• Toronto 1841–2020, 113 m
• Toronto Intl A 1938–2020, 173 m
• Welland 1873–2020, 178 m
• Wiarton 1953–2020, 222 m
• Windsor 1941–2017, 190 m
• Woodstock (282 m) 1873–2019, 282 m

Quebec

• Amos Lacberry 1914–2019, 305 m
• Amqui 1963–2018, 166 m
• Bagotville A 1885–2020, 159 m
• Beauceville 1916–2019, 168 m
• Cap Chat 1935–2020, 5 m
• Causapscal 1914–2018, 168 m
• Chelsea 1928–2019, 113 m
• Chibougamau 1899–2020, 381 m
• Coaticook 1950–2019, 259 m
• Donnacona 1919–2020, 61 m
• Drummondville 1914–2017, 82 m
• Farnham 1918–2017, 68 m
• Fleury 1967–2019, 31 m
• Gaspe 1916–2020, 34 m
• Iles Madeleine 1934–2015, 11 m
• Joliette 1915–2020, 21 m
• La Macaza 1957–2019, 244 m
• La Pocatiere 1913–2020, 31 m
• La Sarre 1952–2020, 318 m
• La Tuque 1913–2020, 169 m
• Lac Ste Croix 1959–2017, 113 m
• Lachute 1963–2019, 91 m
• Lennoxville 1915–2020, 181 m
• Les Cedres 1914–2019, 47 m
• Magog 1950–2019, 274 m
• Maniwaki 1918–2020, 200 m
• Mont Joli 1877–2020, 55 m
• Montreal Tavish 1872–2020, 73 m
• Nicolet 1914–2020, 8 m
• Normandin 1937–2020, 137 m
• Oka 1939–2018, 91 m
• Quebec 1877–2020, 60 m
• Rimouski 1953–2020, 5 m
• Roberval 1914–2020, 179 m
• Scott 1952–2019, 145 m
• Sept Iles 1945–2020, 53 m
• Shawinigan 1903–2020, 110 m
• Sorel 1915–2019, 15 m
• St Come 1951–2017, 244 m
• St Ephrem 1930–2015, 312 m
• St Hyacinthe 1935–2019, 33 m
• St Jerome 1933–2019, 170 m
• St Ludger 1965–2019, 335 m
• Thetford Mines 1923–2020, 430 m
• Trois Pistoles 1952–2020, 147 m
• Val D Or 1952–2020, 339 m

British Columbia

• Abbotsford A 1945–2020, 59 m
• Agassiz CDA 1893–2015, 15 m
• Alberni 1900–2020, 76 m
• Castlegar A 1960–2020, 496 m
• Comox A 1936–2020, 26 m
• Cranbrook 1902–2020, 927 m
• Creston 1913–2020, 641 m
• Dawson Creek 1953–2020, 655 m
• Fernie 1914–2020, 1001 m
• Fort St James 1895–2020, 688 m
• Fort St John 1939–2020, 695 m
• Golden 1903–2020, 785 m
• Grand Forks 1912–2020, 519 m
• Hope 1938–2020, 39 m
• Kamloops 1892–2020, 345 m
• Kelowna 1900–2020, 433 m
• Kitimat 1952–2020, 17 m
• Merritt 1963–2018, 609 m
• Nanaimo A 1902–2020, 28 m
• Nelson 1904–2020, 570 m
• New Westminster 1875–2020, 5 m
• Oliver Stp 1955–2020, 297 m
• Osoyoos 1955–2020, 283 m
• Pemberton Airport CS 1913–2020, 204 m
• Penticton 1909–2020, 344 m
• Port Hardy 1945–2020, 22 m
• Powell River 1924–2020, 125 m
• Prince George 1913–2020, 680 m
• Prince Rupert 1909–2020, 35 m
• Quesnel 1899–2020, 545 m
• Quinsam River 1959–2017, 46 m
• Revelstoke 1899–2020, 445 m
• Salmon Arm 1912–2020, 419 m
• Saltspring 1910–2020, 46 m
• Smithers 1923–2020, 518 m
• Terrace 1913–2020, 217 m
• Vancouver 1896–2020, 2 m
• Vernon 1902–2020, 482 m
• Victoria 1899–2020, 20 m
• Warfield 1929–2020, 567 m
• White Rock Campbell 1929–2019, 13 m
• Williams Lake 1939–2019, 940 m

Alberta

• Banff 1890–2020, 1397 m
• Brooks 1916–2019, 747 m
• Calgary 1885–2020, 1082 m
• Campsie 1913–2020, 647 m
• Camrose 1947–2020, 739 m
• Cold Lake A 1926–2020, 541 m
• Edmonton 1882–2020, 715 m
• Edmonton Namao A 1956–2020, 688 m
• Edson A 1917–2020, 927 m
• Entrance 1918–2020, 1011 m
• Fort Mcmurray 1916–2020, 369 m
• Gleichen 1904–2020, 907 m
• Grande Prairie 1931–2020, 669 m
• Jasper 1932–2020, 1020 m
• Lacombe 1908–2020, 860 m
• Lethbridge 1902–2019, 910 m
• Medicine Hat 1885–2020, 715 m
• Olds 1916–2020, 1046 m
• Peace River 1908–2020, 571 m
• Pincher Creek 1894–2020, 1190 m
• Ranfurly 1905–2020, 687 m
• Red Deer A 1938–2019, 905 m
• Rocky Mtn House 1918–2020, 988 m
• Sion 1911–2020, 714 m
• Slave Lake 1925–2020, 583 m
• Stettler North 1919–2020, 795 m
• Taber 1948–2020, 833 m
• Vegreville 1970–2020, 639 m
• Viking 1924–2018, 711 m
• Waseca 1908–2020, 640 m
• Wetaskiwin 1903–2017, 774 m
• Whitecourt 1945–2015, 782 m

Saskatchewan

• Estevan 1903–2020, 581 m
• Kindersley 1943–2020, 694 m
• La Ronge 1924–2020, 379 m
• Meadow Lake 1968–2020, 481 m
• Melfort 1902–2020, 490 m
• Moose Jaw 1895–2020, 577 m
• Muenster 1905–2020, 580 m
• Nipawin 1912–2020, 372 m
• Northbattleford 1891–2020, 548 m
• Prince Albert 1886–2020, 425 m
• Qu Appelle 1884–2020, 663 m
• Regina 1898–2020, 577 m
• Saskatoon 1900–2020, 504 m
• Swift Current 1886–2020, 817 m
• Weyburn 1953–2020, 589 m
• Yorkton 1942–2020, 498 m

Manitoba

• Brandon 1890–2020, 409 m
• Dauphin 1903–2020, 305 m
• Flin Flon 1929–2019, 304 m
• Morden Exp Farm 1905–2020, 298 m
• Norway House 1897–2020, 224 m
• Portage Southport 1942–2020, 273 m
• Swan River 1960–2020, 335 m
• The Pas 1911–2020, 274 m
• Thompson 1968–2020, 224 m
• Winnipeg 1873–2020, 239 m

Nova Scotia

• Collegeville 1918–2020, 69 m
• Greenwood A 1953–2020, 28 m
• Halifax 1872–2020, 145 m
• Kejimkujik Park 1967–2019, 125 m
• Kentville 1899–2020, 49 m
• Nappan 1914–2020, 20 m
• Shearwater A 1953–2020, 24 m
• St Margaret S Bay 1923–2020, 17 m
• Sydney 1870–2020, 63 m
• Truro 1873–2020, 38 m
• Upper Stewiacke 1917–2020, 24 m
• Yarmouth 1880–2020, 36 m

New Brunswick

• Aroostook 1930–2020, 80 m
• Bathurst 1922–2017, 59 m
• Buctouche 1966–2020, 36 m
• Charlo 1967–2020, 42 m
• Edmundston 1923–2020, 154 m
• Fredericton 1872–2020, 35 m
• Mirachimi 1873–2020, 33 m
• Moncton 1899–2020, 71 m
• Saint John 1871–2020, 109 m
• Sussex 1898–2020, 47 m
• Woodstock (154 m) 1918–2020, 154 m

Newfoundland and Labrador

• Corner Brook 1934–2020, 152 m
• Deer Lake 1934–2020, 22 m
• Gander 1938–2020, 151 m
• Goose A 1942–2020, 49 m
• Grand Falls 1934–2020, 103 m
• St John S 1874–2020, 141 m
• Stephenville 1897–2020, 58 m
• Wabush Lake 1961–2020, 551 m

Prince Edward Island

• Charlottetown 1873–2020, 49 m
• St Peters 1961–2020, 30 m
• Summerside 1930–2020, 12 m

Yukon

• Dawson 1901–2020, 370 m
• Whitehorse A 1943–2020, 706 m

Northwest Territories

• Hay River 1895–2020, 164 m
• Yellowknife 1943–2020, 206 m

Nunavut

• Iqaluit 1948–2020, 34 m
• Pond Inlet 1923–2019, 65 m